What are the three states of matter?

The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. In a solid, particles are closely packed together in a fixed arrangement, which gives solids a definite shape and volume. Liquids have a definite volume but can change shape, as their particles are less tightly packed and can flow past one another. In gases, particles are far apart and move freely, allowing gases to fill the shape and volume of their container.

While the other options present variations or different forms, they do not accurately reflect the standard states of matter recognized in science. Semi-solid, plasma, vapor, foam, and minerals represent specific conditions or types of matter but do not encompass the fundamental states like solid, liquid, and gas do. Understanding these core states is essential for studying physical properties and changes in matter.