What diagram provides a visual representation of an atom's structure, including its protons, neutrons, and electrons?

The Bohr-Rutherford diagram is the correct choice as it visually represents the structure of an atom, specifically showing the arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, along with the electrons in defined energy levels or shells around the nucleus. This model effectively demonstrates how atoms are organized and how the electrons are distributed at different distances from the nucleus.

The Bohr-Rutherford diagram is specifically designed to show key features of an atom in a clear and understandable manner, allowing for a straightforward visualization of the composition and structure of atoms. It helps students grasp how atomic structure influences chemical behavior and interactions between different elements.

In contrast, a covalent diagram focuses on the sharing of electrons between atoms to form molecules, while the periodic table organizes elements by their properties and atomic numbers without detailing individual atomic structures. The term "atomic model" is more general and could refer to any conceptualization of atomic structure, but it does not specifically represent the standard visual format used to show individual atoms like the Bohr-Rutherford diagram does.