What is the term for a celestial body that orbits a planet?

The term for a celestial body that orbits a planet is a satellite. Satellites can be natural, such as moons that orbit planets, or artificial, such as human-made objects launched into orbit for various purposes like communication or weather monitoring. This broad definition encompasses any object that orbits a planet, making it the most accurate choice for the question.

Comets and asteroids, while also celestial bodies, primarily orbit the Sun and are not specifically defined by their relationship to planets. Dwarf planets, like Pluto, are classified as planetary bodies but do not exclusively orbit other planets; instead, they orbit the Sun as part of the Kuiper Belt. Therefore, satellite is the term specifically associated with objects that are in orbit around a planet.