Which statement correctly defines the difference between mass and weight?

The correct response accurately defines mass and weight by emphasizing that mass refers to the quantity of matter within an object, which remains constant regardless of location. Weight, on the other hand, is dependent on the gravitational force acting on that mass. This means that while an object's mass does not change when it moves from one place to another, its weight can vary based on the strength of the gravitational pull it experiences in different locations, such as on Earth versus on the Moon.

Understanding this distinction is crucial in physics and sciences related to motion and forces. Mass is a scalar quantity measured in kilograms, and it does not change with location. Weight is a vector quantity that can change based on gravitational force and is typically measured in newtons, not grams. This is why the other definitions do not capture the essence of what mass and weight represent effectively.